Прием «А там о чем?» работает эффективно, но для построения полноценного summary его не хватит. Нужно также знать структуру, по которой строится summary. Предположим, что мы должны написать summary по следующему тексту:
It's a universal phenomenon, and one of the most common things we do. We laugh many times a day, for many different reasons. Most people are surprised to hear that not even 20 per cent of laughing is a response to humour. Most of the time it's a message we send to other people, a way of communicating joyful disposition, a willingness to bond and so on. So it plays a very important role in social interaction.
Interestingly, laughter differs between the sexes, particularly the uses to which the sexes put laughter as a social tool. For instance, women smile more than laugh, and are particularly good at smiling and laughing as a kind of 'social lubricant', to create a relaxed mood. In most cultures, loud, raucous laughter with exaggerated movements and expressions is considered 'unfeminine', and is much more common among men, particularly if they're with other men.
Men are more likely to use laughter as a way of asserting power - for example, socially dominant individuals, from bosses to tribal chiefs, use laughter to control their subordinates. When the boss laughs, their minions laugh too.
It is certainly true that laughing can make us healthier. It's undoubtedly one of the best medicines there is. It has a range of beneficial effects. It lowers high blood pressure, it eases tension, and also makes us less sensitive to pain. Some studies suggest that laughter also boosts the immune system, thus increasing our resistance to disease.
Laughter's social role is definitely important. I'm very concerned that today's children may be heading for a whole lot of social ills because their play and leisure time is so isolated and they lose out on lots of chances for laughter. When children stare at computer screens, rather than laughing with each other, this is at odds with what's natural for them. Natural social behaviour in children is playful behaviour, and in such situations, laughter indicates that make-believe aggression is just fun, not for real, and this is an important way in which children form positive emotional bonds, gain new social skills and generally start to move from childhood to adulthood. I think parents need to be very careful to ensure that their children play in groups, with both peers and adults, and laugh more.
